Operational Management approaches by Shell Company

Operational anxiety approaches by home CompanyThe elect company to evaluate the operation management approaches employed in an brawn company is Royal Dutch welt Company. Shell a British-Dutch company that issues crude oil, be adrift, cutting oil returns and renewable source of energy to the world. This company is unmatchable of the largest companies around the world that maintains and supplies the world with its fuel, oil and petrochemical growths.The Royal Dutch/Shell Group is the worlds biggest and oldest joint venture, organize in 1907 when the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom merged their traffic operations. It ope arrays in over cxl countries, providing fossil fuels and green fuels like Hydrogen fuel cells. Some of the facts related to Shell be has 102,000 number of employees worldwide, provides 2% of oil worldwide and 3% of liquid, has 45,000 good stations, 10 million customers worldwide and one of the top fortune 500 companies.Shell has five core stemmaes geographic expedition and crossroadion, gas and power, refining and marketing, chemicals, and trading and shipping. seeded player http//www.annualreview. whip.com/2008/servicepages/downloads/files/entire_shell_review_08.pdf2Shells Operation Management dodgingOperation managementDefinitionsManagement Of the conversion serve up which trans categorys inputs such(prenominal) as raw materials and labour into outputs in the form of finished goods and service (Davis, Aquilano Chase, 1999).Schroder (2007) defined operation management as Operations is responsible for supplying the point of intersection or service of the organization. Operations managers make decisions regarding the operations function and its connection with another(prenominal) functions. The operations managers plan and control the action offshoot and its interfaces wi prune the organization and with the external environment (Schroder, 2007).Operat ion management (OM) is essentially the set of activities that creates goods and services by transforming input into output. Activities creating goods and services take place in all organization. In manufacturing firms, the labor activities that create goods ar usually kinda obvious. In them we support see the creation of a tangible return such as Sony TV or a ford Taurus.In organizations that do not create physical overlaps, the occupation function may be less obvious. It may be hidden from the public and counterbalance from the customers. An specimen is the sack that takes place at a bank, hospital, airline office, or college.Regardless of whether the end product is a good or service, the production activities that go on in the organization are often referred to as operations or operation management.Operation management is associated with number of areas linked with an organization as how does the organization test customers requirements, transformation of customers req uirement in to product and services, what operations governing bodys/ surgical procedurees are in place to satisfy the product/services requirement of customer, decision associated with capacity planning, armourery, superior of product etc.all(a) these decisions come under the umbrella of operation management.Identification of Customer RequirementsWe know that the basic existence of an organization depends upon the product or services it provides to the society. However, with the changing consumer taste and the limited lifecycle of products companies must be looking for new product victimisation. It is a companys life blood. Both profits and growth are affected without aggressive product schooling. Operation managers give steep care for to the strong communication between customers, product, processes and suppliers that result in a high success browse for their products.All companies need to search out their customers wants and requirements in order to fill any gaps in th e market. A successful market research for new product development comes from knowing what customers value.3Shells Operation Management SystemProduct decisionOne of the important decisions of operation management is the selection, definition, and design of products.Heizer and Render (2005, pp-132) discussed the product decision in their work as it concerned with the development and implementation of a product strategy that meets the demands of the marketplace with a competitive advantage that fuck be achieved via differentiation, humiliated cost, rapid response, or a combination of these.Product development ashesProduct development system may well sterilize not only product success but as well the firms future. Product development goes through a series of steps, starting with ideas that may come from each internal or external sources and ending with the military rank of new products. Heizer and Render (2005, pp-137) considers two tools that are particularly helpful in the ear ly stages of product development are (1) creativity and (2) identifying customer wants.The former can be addressed via creative, open organizations and brain storming and the second with quality function development.Organizing for product development consort Heizer and Render (2005, pp-141), There are different approaches to the product development.The traditional U.S approach to product development is an organization with distinct departments. These departments are First research and development department to do the necessary research then an engineering department to design the product then a manufacturing engineering department to design a product that can be stird and finally, a production department that produced the product.A second and popular approach is to assign a product manager to fight down the product through the product development system and related organizationThe third and perhaps the best, product development approach utilized in the U.S. is the handling of te ams. Such teams are known variously as product development teams, design for manufacturability teams, and value engineering teams.The Japanese bypass the team issue by not subdividing organization into research and development, engineering, production and so forth. Consistent with the Japanese style of group effort and team work, these activities are all in one organization. coarse-grained ChangerShell risque changer is an internal shell organization which looks for new and innovative ideas that addresses a demand or significant line of work in the energy industry. Game changer helps entrepreneurs to convert ideas into products by sponsoring them. Ideas can range from new oil geographic expedition techniques to improved production tools, or even new form of energy. It provides a sheltered testing zone where an idea is developed, tried and improved upon. It to a fault helps to get it to market.4Shells Operation Management SystemAreas of focus areIncreasing energy productionCarbon managementEnergy conversion, storage and distributionFuelling transportationWorking of Game changerGame Changer screens the novel, early stage idea. If the idea has any potential and game changer agree, it result take it through some important steps and provide the funding and support to get it to proof-of concept. Although game changer grew up on ideas from Shell employees, it also invests in those originating from beyond Shell such as from academics and other entrepreneurs.Game changer primary criteriaNovelty Is the idea truly and fundamentally new and different?Value Could the idea create substantial new value if it works?Credible Plan Is there a plan to manage primary risks prudently by qualified people?Game changer processThe first step in entering the GameChanger process is submission of a short description of the idea through the shell website. A selection card formed by a group of full-time Shell professionals with diverse backgrounds in the energy industry carries out assessment of all proffers.They assess the proposal at lead different levels 7Pre-ScreeningIf a person is an entrepreneur from outside Shell then, after the initial assessment of the idea, a member of the control display board will contact the entrepreneur to allocate a Shell skillful counterpart to him. This person will then be entrepreneurs co-proponent of the idea and help him through the test process.Screening PanelThe Screening Panel consists of (any) two members of the GameChanger team. They will listen to the presentation of inventors idea and ask questions in order to obtain a all over understanding of the proposal. The GameChanger boardlists will consider the merits of the proposal and within 48 hours decide if the idea could potentially mature into a GameChanger project. If this is the result, the inventor will then be invited to prepare a more detailed presentation for the Extended Panel.Extended PanelThe Extended Panel consists of three members of the GameChanger team and at least three experts who are not members of the GameChanger team. This group will attend the presentation on the inventors proposal and work plan. The panellists will ask questions and the experts will give opinions on the merits of the proposal. The GameChanger panel will then come to a decision on whether to go ahead and fund the development of the5Shells Operation Management Systemidea. Game changer will strive to communicate this decision to the inventor and the co-proponent within 48 hours.If funding is awarded, it is often with a time span of 2- 3 years. The inventor will then use the funds to develop the idea in accordance with an agreed plan. At agreed tollgates, progress and continuation are discussed with proponents and panel experts.Selection CriteriaGameChanger ideas occupy the potential to effect a significant improvement in the profitability of a business or open up opportunities for growth. The GameChanger panel funds these projects through to their proof -of-concept stage.The final step Going to the market placeIf proof-of-concept is reached successfully, GameChanger may also be able to help take the invention a that stage. There are three potential forward paths 7Proprietary -The idea is graduated into Shells internal RD funnel or another Shell business for direct use by Shell.Licensing -The idea is licensed to an existing technology provider other than Shell. This is usually applied when complementary capabilities are required to further develop and deploy the idea.Venturing -A new company might be set up to bring the idea to commercial market. In short, once an idea is considered a true GameChanger it will not be shelved and all options will be considered to ensure the GameChanger idea reaches the marketplace.Before digging deep into the operation management system employed within Shell, we need to first understand the following conceptsProcessProcess refers to the physical process or facility used to produce the product or serv ice. It includes the type of equipment and technology, process flows, layout of the facility, job design, and workforce policies.Process strategyA process or (transformation) strategy is an organizations approach to transform resources into goods and services. The objective of the process strategy is to find a way to produce goods and services that meet customers requirements and product specification within cost and other managerial constraints.Virtually either good or service is made by using some variation of one of the four process strategiesProcess focus A production facility organized around processes to facilitate low volumes, high conversion production.75% of all global production is devoted to making low volumes, high potpourri products in places called job shops. Such facilities are organized around performing processes. In factory, these processes might be departments devoted to welding, grinding, and painting. In office, the processes might be bankers bill payable,6S hells Operation Management Systemsales and payroll. Such facilities are process focused in call of equipment, layout and supervisionRepetitive focus A product-oriented production process that uses modules (parts orcomponents of a product previously prepared, often in a continuous process.It falls between the product and process focuses.The crying process line is the classic assembly line. Widely used in the assembly ofvirtually all automobiles and household appliances.Fast food firms are an example of a repetitive process using modulesProduct focus a facility organized around products a product oriented, high volume, low variety process.They are also called continuous process, because they slang long continues production runs. Shell uses product focused approach for its oil refinery processes.Mass customization rapid, low cost production that caters to constantly changing unique customers desires.Mass customization brings us the variety of products traditionally provided by low vo lume manufacturer (a process focused) at the cost of standardized high volume (product focused) production.Operational Systems and Processes at ShellShell is involved in production of many products and services. It claims thatWe provide transport fuel to around 10 million customers each day through our 45,000 service stations worldwide. We are working to deliver cleaner burning and more efficient fuels. Our products and services are also designed to meet the needs of businesses from the construction industry to aviation, chemicals to shipping. 1 (Shell.com)Shell is best known for its service stations and for exploring and producing oil gas on land and at sea. Shell delivers a vast range of energy solutions and petrochemicals to customers produce and sell petrochemical building blocks to industrial customers on a global scale invest in making renewable and lower-carbon energy sources involved in transporting and trading oil and gas marketing natural gas producing and selling fuel f or ships and planes and generating electricity and providing energy efficiency advice.As mentioned earlier, shell is involved in five core businesses and each business involves number of processes within. To limit our scope, we will discuss the oil gas exploration and production business.Oil Gas exploration and production cycle involves oil exploration, drilling, refining and production of petroleum products.Oil exploration processIn this phase, the initial step is to find the oil. This is of huge importance and Shell invests a lot of money to use statistical analysis to determine the location of oil. This check up on process is known as Seismic Surveying. There are three components in Seismic Surveying7Shells Operation Management SystemA seismic sourceSensorsRecording equipmentDuring this survey, the scientists create a picture of the rock layer structure beneath the earth and the selective information collected is carefully examined and interpreted to decide whether to further analysis would be need or to start the exploration process. once the location of oil is determined, Shell draw up exploration contracts with the countries within whose boundaries the oil was first established. Once the contracts have been approved and negotiations agreed the company can then start its drilling process. bore processOnce the oils location is identified, the next step is to drill. Well play fundamental role in recovering oil and gas. With the advancement of technology, new drilling techniques and technology has been developed that helped Shell in drilling wells from few metres to more than 10 kilometers. Wells are not only bore vertically but also horizontally, can turn corners and snake from one pocket of oil to another.Souce http//www.shell.com/home/content/innovation/meeting_demand/getting_more/smartfields/smartfields.htmlAs drilling is vital part during oil ancestry process, however the issue of planning and operating of wells is of greater importance. Shell reali zes that as part of its operations it needs to research into whether a well would produce oil, gas or two. During the late 90s Shell introduced Drilling the Limit methodology which allowed the company to focus attention on how efficiently wells are planned, drilled and managed as a process. The main reason for introducing such a scheme was to limit costs and reduced to time it take to drill.Shell also have introduced a Smart Fields program providing both the knowledge and the control by integrating digital teaching technology with the latest drilling, seismic and author monitoring techniques.8Shells Operation Management SystemFurthermore, Shell has introduced the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology to squeeze out the extra oil that would have been left behind in the oil fields due limited access and hard to get them out. Estimation shows that by recovering just 1% extra throughout the world would equate to 20-30 billion barrels of oil oil that may have been left behind. 5 (Sh ell.com)Scouce http//www.shell.com/home/content/innovation/meeting_demand/getting_more/eor_ccs/eor.htmlShell is using three techniques injecting steam into reservoirs to heat and make the oil more fluid, and ease its flow injecting gas to push oil out or to thin it, or injecting chemicals that free trapped oil.Refining processRefining is the manufacture of petroleum products from crude oil extracted in the drilling process. Refining process can be classified into three major processes breakup processes, conversion processes and the chemical treatment processes. Refining involves separating crude oil into the desired components depending on the final processes chosen and the available crude oil selected.Separation ProcessesIts the first stage of petroleum refining. During this process the crude oil is separated into some of its fractions. This stage involves three separation processesFractional DistillationIn the process, the crude oil, which is a mixture of many types of hydrocarbon s, is boiled and re-condensed to separate the crude oil into components based on ranges of boiling points. The components with low boiling point are evaporated and collected in the upper part of the chamber known as Distillation column, while the component with higher boiling points are heavier and collected in the9Shells Operation Management Systemlower part of the distillation column. The components collected at the top of the chamber are known as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).Solvent ExtractionThis process involves the separation of oil into parts by adding chemicals to dissolve the unwanted substances to the crude oil. The main solvents used in this process are furfural, phenol and benzene. Refineries use this method to improve the quality of lubricating oils.CrystallizationThis method is mainly used to obliterate wax and other semi-solid substances from heavy fractions or components. The components are cooled to a temperature at which them become solidify or crystal. They are then put through a filter that separates the solid.Conversion ProcessesPetrol is obtained through this process. Conversion process involves to processes Cracking process and combining process.Cracking ProcessIt involves breaking up of large hydrocarbon molecules into small molecules using a combination of heat and catalytic action. These processes not only increase the production of petrol but also improve its quality and results in products like Cat Cracked Gasoline (CCG) etc.Combining ProcessThis process is the opposite of cracking. It combines simple hydrocarbons to form more complex fractions. This process results in different products like LPG, Coke (used to generate steam and electricity).Chemical Treatment ProcessesHydrogen TreatmentThis process is used to remove the impurities like sulphur compounds by mixing the components with hydrogen.BlendingThis is the last stage of refining process. This stage dealt with the mixing of various hydrocarbons, formed in the refining proc esses, together to make the final product as required by the customer. The final product is tested before sold to the consumer.Capacity Planning and Inventory Management SystemInventory represents a major investment for many firms. Inventories are of four types (Heizer, Render 2005)Raw material and obtaind componentsWork-in-process (WIP)Maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO)Finished goods10Shells Operation Management SystemAll organizations have some type of parentage planning and control system. In case of physical products, the organization must determine whether to produce goods or purchase them. Once the decision is made, the next step is to forecast demand. Then operation managers determine the inventory necessary to service that demand. Operation manager establish systems for managing inventory.seller Managed InventoryVMI is an abbreviation of vendor- managed inventory. Shell offer VMI. Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is more beneficial for the chemical buyers. In this syst em supplier storage warehouses the product till customer uses it. In this way Buyers are able to reduce a large portion of inventory from their books. They also benefit from the reduced paperwork, phoning in product orders and following up to see that they are delivered where and when theyre needed. VMI often results in the development of more efficient inventory and supply management, which can shave significant savings off the get cost. VMI takes inventory out of the production equation for buyers. Buyers no longer have to worry about tank levels or when to agendum new shipments. The supplier handles that. By monitoring the customers tank (often using sophisticated telemetry equipment), suppliers know when inventory levels are low. When they reach a certain point, usually agreed upon with the customer, the supplier schedules a spoken language and the truck shows up at the customers site to replenish the tank.In November of last year, Shell Chemical Corp., Herndon, Va., went in to an agreement with ControlSAT, under which ControlSAT would be Shells exclusive telemetry supplier. The agreement has helped the shell a lot because of the compatibility of ControlSATs technology to Shells Supplier Inventory Management Order Network (SIMON), which was developed by Shell Services, the technology arm of Shell Corp. (Reilly, 2000)ControlSAT Telemetry systemControlSAT, is a technology company that manufactures and markets satellite -based inventory monitoring telemetry systems (system based on cellular and radio wave transmission).Working of ControlSATs SystemOrbocomm Global, L.P., ControlSATs parent company, owns a network of 36 del fluorocarbon satellites orbiting the Earth. The satellites are spaced to orbit the polar planes, tropical planes, equatorial plane and about 45 degrees in between, providing contribute coverage of the Earth. (Reilly, 2000)ControlSAT installs hardware on customers tanks designed to relay inventory data to those satellites. Then, once per day, data is sent via the satellite network to a central monitoring computer, then on to the supplier through a secure Internet link. Data that suppliers receive show their customers inventory levels in tanks around the world.When product inventory levels fall downstairs a certain point, the supplier receives notification to replenish the material in the tanks. In this way, the supplier can proactively11Shells Operation Management Systemschedule its own deliveries. With its daily running inventory and materials needs forecast it can streamline supply.SIMONSIMON is a Lotus Notes-based software program that provides process industry suppliers with information and analysis tools. SIMON monitors and tracks inventory and consumption and then generates demand forecasts, minimum inventory requirements and re-supplies schedules. As a result, suppliers benefit from an improved ability to control facility and warehouse costs, increased inventory turns, streamlined administrative processes, and better focus on production capabilities.Through ControlSATs tank telemetry service, the SIMON database automatically incorporates timely, accurate and reliable inventory data without the need for manual intervention.Before SIMON and the telemetry supplied by ControlSAT, Shells inventory monitoring used to require a lot of phone calls, faxes and interaction between the customer and Shell. some(prenominal) Information related to the customers inventory position would be initiated by the customer. Automating the process allowed the supplier to be more proactive in meeting the customers needs (in terms of getting the right product in the right location at the right time) and eliminate the need for time spent faxing and phoning in orders, etc.Shell currently provides the service only to customers that are sole-supplied by Shell, where a very strong business relationship has been developed and where there is a strong, demonstrated chance for cost savings through inventory monitoring .One of Shells customers currently using the program agrees that it can save a lot of time in product procurement. Balmoral Marine Inc., a petroleum and industrial gas drilling company based in Houston, Texas, is supplied by Shell and is currently using Shells SIMON and ControlSATs inventory management systems for supply of a particular resin product. (Reilly, 2000)Feature of the new systemThrough SIMON, Shell Chemical keeps vital inventory customers pay upon use for what is consumed.Shell Chemical is the sole source supplier, tied to a supplier/customer business model.Customers reduce sanctuary stocks to bare minimums.Lotus-based SIMONExtracts data on numerate of product consumed in past 24 hours.Determines the amount of new product that arrived and was unloaded in same period.Draws information on current and anticipated product schedules.Compares data against known changes to schedules.Data is replicated back to central customer service centre for automatic reconciliation with S AP/MRP systems, generating an automatic re-supply plan.12Shells Operation Management SystemSIMON Features When plan indicates a stocking level below accepted minimum, electronic purchase order and shipment is initiated.All information pertaining to status is accessible to customers.Invoices are issued monthly, based on consumption, not shipments.Introduced to 23 of the most strategic customers.Short-term (12 months) results were plus $20 million in product sales.Customer BenefitsEliminates excess safety stock, reducing working capital and carrying costs.Facilitates timely, low-cost re-synchronization of supply chain.Ensures product is on site when needed.Creates shorter response time to changing conditions.Reduces transaction costs data entry, invoicing, payables, etc.Smoothes erratic order patterns.Reduces order management costs.Streamlines financial accounting.Monitoring and Evaluation of Operations at ShellShell has heavily invested in monitoring and evaluation of each of its pr ocesses and operations because every process in this business is very much crucial and need careful attention. During the initial stage of oil exploration and production cycle, Shell conducts Seismic Surveying to confirm the presence of oil beds beneath the earth. Otherwise drilling is very much cost intensive process and failure to the initial stage may results in heavy lose to the organization. To determine whether the well would produce oil, gas or both Shell introduced Drilling the Limit methodology which allowed the company to focus attention on how efficiently wells are planned, drilled and managed as a process. Significant reduction both in drilling cost and drilling time has been seen over the decades with the introduction of Drilling the Limit methodology.Shell has introduced a Smart Field program which controls the on-going drilling, seismic and reservoir monitoring from the separate place equipped with information technology.Combined with the experience of geologists, en gineers and others, Smart Fields can help increase the total amount of oil recovered from a field by 10 per cent and gas recovery by 5 per cent, while also boosting the rate of production. 4 (Shell.com)Furthermore, Shell has formed a department under the name Shell Global Solution. Shell Global Solution provide business and operational consultancy, technical services, catalyst and research development expertise to its global customers as well as provide its assistance to Shell in many operational areas such as exploration and production, refining, gas and LNG etc.13Shells Operation Management SystemConclusionShell is one of the largest companies around the world that maintains and supplies the world with its fuel, oil and petrochemical products. In this report we tried to explain how Shell establish its customer requirements, its product development decisions, different operational systems involved in oil and gas exploration and production, inventory management systems and monitorin g and evaluation strategy by Shell. As Shell is involved in number of businesses (exploration and production, gas and power, refining and marketing, chemicals, and trading and shipping) and each business has number of operations and processes that need to be maintained. To limit the scope of this report, we only focused our study on the oil exploration and production business.

Types Of Electronic Communication

Types Of Electronic CommunicationElectronic communication has become a very common means to glide by worldwide. Electronic communication is used for the transfer of antithetic types of data and images through wire, electromagnetic, photo electronic or photo-optical form and radio. Electronic communication is so popular that many businesses and people consider it to be essential tool in our daily lives. The Potomac Knowledge Project from the Marino comprise states Electronic communications is interactive. It engages audiences in active, two-way communications a self-selected audience, engaged and actively participating in the communications process. There are many slipway to communicate electronically, each with benefits and risks related to business or individual(prenominal) use. It is likely that in the future, advances in technology and calculator programming will enable us to communicate in ways we ordure only dream about today.Different Ways to Communicate Electronically Email. There are many different types of electronic communication including but not limited to email, social media newsgroups, chat rooms, video conferencing, flash bulb messaging, phone and fax. Email via the widely used internet is popular because people are able to write short messages, receive quick responses and include photographs or reports with formatted data quickly and efficiently. Sending information through the stately or snail mail bed be costly and time consuming. Using email for personal or professional purposes is an efficient means of communication. fond Media. many newsgroups and chat rooms now use Facebook, MySpace and Twitter, a type of social media for communication purposes which lets the substance abuser give an instant message and receive an instant response with supporting live video images. Users are able to post messages to a particular group of people or to members of a specific unify and comment instantaneously.Miscellaneous. Workplace-communication. com lists over fifty-five different types of electronic communication currently used in the workplace Some other types of electronic communication that whitethorn not fall clearly in one of the above categories above are listed belowFaxShort-wave RadioRadio BroadcastVideo ConferencingSkype orbiter PhoneTextingTelephonyWikisElectronic communication has gained wide recognition, has innumerable practical applications and provides benefits for the user including quick communication, is cost effective and has easy access.The BenefitsWork Related Environment. Many different types of organizations are using electronic communication facilities. Electronic communication provides the opportunity for groups of people in different geographical locations to communicate interactively through text, efficacious and video. Team members can work on and make contributions to the same document at the same time, engage in meetings and plow information on projects. The world power to communicate and p roblem solve as a team increases the likelihood of an increase in productivity and customer satisfaction. In addition, many businesses are sponsoring give-and-take groups c at one timerning issues related to the business (products, strategies, etc.) as a resource to offer further communication and marketing prospects. Electronic communication in like manner enables people to work from home, called telecommuting. functional from home provides employees flexibility and saves office space, money spent on paper, printing and postal delivery. The communicated information may be stored on disks, on computer unverbalised drive files and is easily retrievable when needed.For Individual Use. For individual use electronic communication has become a way for people around the world to share pictures, graphics, conversations, and play interactive software games. People are able to communicate more economically when compared to phone or mail and are able to communicate quickly to friends and family who live a distance away. This type of communication has become a very important means of social communication.Careers in Electronic Communication. With the bang up in technology and the computer industry, software services, electronic communication, programming, and security issues will provide growing opportunities for employment in the United States and worldwide. The demand for individuals and employees who are sexual in the field of electronic communication will continue to increase. Working in electronic communications is a great option for those with marketable skills arouse in securing employment in a fast growing field.The RisksPersonal Mail is Insecure. Sending someone a personal electronic message can become a permanent record. It is easy to compromise your reputation by messaging something negative or offensive. Electronic messages are hard to stop once they have been sent and unlike paper messages they can be delivered instantaneously. Electronic messages are not secure and can be easily copied, resent or forwarded to others so you can never know for sure who will contain it and form a negative opinion of you. It is also easy for someone to explore all posted messages for your name as it travels through the internet potential employers are now using this as a means to evaluate temper strengths and character when considering a potential hire. When sending a message you really have to think about whether or not you would like the public to read your message in the future. Tom Van Vleck , The Risks of Electronic Communication lists common examples of not using good judgment when sending electronic communicationbroadcasting or posting a funny messagesending or posting an angry messageusing sarcasm or ironycriticizing others in publicposting a message or sending mail late at nightsending a message about a person that you wouldnt want them to seeBusiness Mail. When communicating with a business or company using electronic mail it is importa nt to look for a guarantee that the company will keep your information for its use only and will not sell your name or address to other companies. Users also need to be guarded when receiving emails from businesses inquiring about personal account information, credit card or billing information as business scams or identity theft have become a significant concern in electronic communication.Computer Hacking or Virus. Secondly, a big concern with electronic communication is security. Your computer can be hacked and/or infected with a computer virus. Most often when hacking a hacker is trying to access personal information for illegal purposes. A computer virus can impact the computer system and network, can erase data on the C-drive, cause the user to be unable to open files, delete files, slow down transmission speed, may replicate information and share it with others, and can alter the structure of messages which can be misunderstood. Electronic viruses can be challenging to detect and to clean off of your computer. For a business, cleaning up viruses can be costly.ConclusionIn conclusion, electronic communication does present challenges in security and more recently in fraudulent actions using users personal information for illegal purposes. The use of the Internet, computer and electronic communication has become widely used for business and personal use. With the advances in computer technology and the rapid increase in different types of electronic communication, this form of interaction will continue to grow in popularity for professional and private use.

Wuthering Heights A Thematic Analysis

Wuthering senior high A Thematic AnalysisRevenge is wiz of the prominent and beardown(prenominal)er issues in the new Wuthering high school. Emily Bronte has discussed the cruel and wicked nature of benevolent beings. Novel was set in the gravelly, rough and isolated atmosphere of Yorkshire moors in northern England. There be many reasons of emergent vindicate amid the characters. People were bounded and restricted due to their row systems. One of the causes of Heathcliffs unforgiving nature is his perishing of lower class. Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw was failed to maintain comp atomic number 18 between Hindley and Heathcliff. by means ofout their a stand firmnesss, some(prenominal) suffered and thus became as a victim of injustice. Character of Catherine is the true representation of Victorian women. One substance Catherine pretends that she loves Heathcliff but on the same way she cheats him. If she chose Heathcliff for marriage, revenge would not require a leak rais ed and automatically stomachs of many slew would hold saved. Edgar, Hindley and Catherines doings towards Heathcliff seems inhumane and disrespectful, therefore their brutal behaviour becomes the reason of Heathcliffs hurtful nature. Heathcliff proves himself that extreme of love is equally dangerous than as extreme of hate. His desire of taking revenge is superior to his love for Catherine. Edgar, Hindley, Catherine and Heathcliff micturate equally participated in destroying lives of many heap. By showing Heathcliffs devil style look, description of Wuthering high as haunted place, lack of religion, elements of ghost, Catherins and Heathcliff madness in love makes the stage affect by super indwelling elements and it too gives us contemplation that there is a super power virtually them who does not standardised peace and instructs them to begin revenge from otherwises. Showing the characters of Isaships bella and young Cathy, Emily has given us the lesson of morali ty as well. If twain ladies obeyed Edgars suggestion, they would not become fools. Despite the fact that the revenge moves from unmatchable genesis to other but in my experience characters like young Cathy and Hareton presents as the promise of peaceful future. Their sincere bonding abolishes the revenge completely at the end. though my look for root word seems pessimistic but I have ended up it an optimistic note. God does not baffle revenge from us. We all have to go to God with empty hands, more all over our deeds forget go with us. Now it depends on us, either we want to die peacefully or not. entrywayEmily Bronte belongs to the Victorian age. Her novel Wuthering Heights is one of the classical novels of this age, although she died precise young but Emilys work politic have its uniqueness. The novel basically set in the harsh and isolated Yorkshire moors in northern England. Emily discussed truly mature and bold issues. For interpreter she wrote on escapism from re ligion which was totally once morest the customs of Victorian age. The people of this age were very strict and conservative about their religion. Women were in addition confined to their polaritys even they did not have the rights to choose their partner for marriage. We see Emilys own perception and imagination in this novel. agree to the novel Wuthering Heights it depicts, that she was against the norms of Victorian age.The love triangle between Heathcliff, Catherine and Edgar seems very complex and complicated. Writer has revealed to the readers in earlier chapters that Catherine and Heathcliff both fall in love but Catherine chooses Edgar for marriage just for the sake of money and temporary physical attraction. afterward some time when Heathcliff gets wealth Catherine again gets closer to Heathcliff that is quite ironical. The character of Hindley represents as a jealous and a wicked person. He was the first person who started the vengeance. Revenge travels one generation t o conterminous generation. Characters like Hareton, Cathy and Linton are shown as the symbols of Victim. They suffered because of their parents. On the other hand Nelly Dean and Lockwood are shown as the narrators of the story.Since my research is qualitative so the only source of my research is reading. My research thesis has consisted on four chapters. First chapter is about The Issue of Class System. Difference between the classes of the characters is one of the main issues of the novel. The novel was written at a time when the people of England were affected not only with the economy and Industrial revolution but also with the traditional class structure of this age. The orphan Heathcliff suffered due to his lower class.Second chapter has covered The Role of Revenge and Vengeance in the novel. Because of the revenge, Hindley used to torture Heathcliff. Heathcliffs education was stopped by Hindley, he did not get a chance to raise his social class. Although Catherine loved Hea thcliff but she got fascinated by the wealth and life style of Edgar and decided to bind with him. Catherines rejection do him cruel, selfish and arrogant.Third chapter is about the Impacts of Violence and Obsession that rotate around the characters of the novel. Hindleys jealousy and the ill- treatment with orphan Heathcliff raised aggression in him. As a result Heathcliff did not spare anyone. The violent and jealous expression of Hindley destroys his sisters life too. Wuthering Heights is a strong but morbid novel of love and suffering. Through this novel Emily has tried to convey the lesson that why it is important to keep the balance between transactionhips? We can conclude it at the end of the story in the quest way, doing anything in an excess level is not supposed to be a nice thing. The obsession of love and revenge both have crossed the limits in the novel. Victim of the destructive influences of the obsession are Isabella, Cathy and Linton. The extremist love of Hea thcliff destroyed his own life too.Fourth chapter has included The Super inherent Effects of the story. Wuthering Heights is illustrious for its mediaeval elements. The house (Wuthering Heights) itself gives the mysterious, unwelcoming, haunted and old looks. The xviii century was dominated by supernatural novels. That is why Emily wrote a romantic story along with the gothic effects. Heathcliff has shown as a hero with horror looks.LITERATURE REVIEWKeyword RevengeThe act of harming somebody in return for harm they have done (Oxford normal School Dictionary. 2008)Charles Percy Sanger wrote an quiz in (1926). He is the first person, who did detailed examination of the novel Wuthering Heights. Throughout his essay, he was finding an answer of question which had in his mind. Sanger starts an essay with the pedigree of the two families. Sanger notices all the dates. Novel starts with the date 1801. June 1778 was the year of Haretons birth, 20th March was the date of birth of Cather ine. The marriage date of Catherine Earnshaw and Edgar Linton was June 1783. Catherine died at 2 a.m. on Monday 20th March 1784. According to Charles, Emily Bronte did not use a calendar. For him this mistake seems unusual characteristic of novel. I found his research very unique and divergent but on the same time, he has neglected some major issues of the novel. Revenge is one of the main issues, he has not written a maven sentence on it. This seems strange because this was one of the detailed works on Wuthering Heights. At the end of his essay he has accepted that his research is technically dull.Linda Golds examined the Wuthering Heights on the basis of Freudin interpretations in (2011). She analysed in depth, the symbiosis of Catherine, Heathcliff and Edgar. In the same way she has made readers mind that how did revenge grown up between them? She has written her research on the interpretations of Freuds id, ego and superego. Heathcliffs id is suspicious. No one make outs wher e he spent three years before coming into Wuthering Heights. Then she comes on Catherine, she had a very social personality. Her id was energetic and sharp minded. Her ego restricted and controlled her life to take changes. Then she discussed Edgar the super egoist. He is a true representative of Victorian era. He uses his wit power to select him rather than to Heathcliff. According to Freuds analysis a male ego person would have the courage to deal successfully with the world, a female egoist person would have to live through males. Gold moves her Freudin Scrutiny to the second generation at the end. She verbalise the full structure of Wuthering Heights would be read as the development of one personality. If we see Wuthering Heights in the light of Golds research we will definitely agree with her. Id, ego and superego belong to Heathcliff, Catherine and Edgar respectively.An entirely divergent approach has given by Grame Tytler in (2011). He has applied 19th century psychologica l theory on Wuthering Heights and encourage wrote an essay on it. Healthcliff was affected by monomaniac. Monomaniac was a very famous disease in Brontes days. New name of this disease is obsession, specific disorder in someones personality. Healthcliff had clearly symptoms of monomaniac. The whole research of Grame revolves around Heathcliff and the effects of monomaniac on him. The first symptom of this disease is passion. We all agree with the fact that Heathcliff loved Catherine passionately. When Catherine chose Edgar as her life partner, Heathcliff whole life destroyed. We can compare our self with Heathcliff. What will be our reaction if someone rejects us? Naturally we shout, scold and cry. Simultaneously reaction of Healthcliff seems natural at start but after some time his human nature turned into wild animal. He has taken out all his trouble as revenge. He used to torture and harassed Isabella, Cathy and Hareton. Isabella says to Nelly Is Mr Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? (Bronte,E.1988,ch13135) Tytler described different stages of Heathcliff. He is the true picture of obsession. It could be more beneficial for us if he would emphasis on other characters too.The readers who were read Wuthering Heights were shocked by the violence in the story. It is true because in 1847 people were not ha maculationual for this kind of violence. Violence enhanced the revenge factor in the story. Violence revolves around many characters. For example it starts with Heathcliff and Hindley fight. We see in every violent scene there was a reason behind it. Hindley did not accept Heathcliff in his house. He used to hate his father when he supported Heathcliff. The relationship between Edgar and Heathcliff were full of revenge. Characters like Isabella and Cathy who suffered a lot, changed into wild and violent characters. Knives, blood on tree, taunts, harsh and aloud sound, whip are symbolisms of violence in the story. It is very importa nt to think why Emily has shown this kind of extreme violence? It can be several(prenominal) interpretations. May be she wanted to reveal the reality of Victorian society or whitethornbe she wanted to give a lesson or by showing violence and revenge she wanted to highlight the inner pain of human being.Vengeance is the most imminent topic in Wuthering Heights. Many researches and essays have been written on this issue. In this essay critic added Austin OMalley Statement he give tongue to Revenge is often like biting because a dog bit you (123helpme.com)(a) OMalleys quote gives a sense of cruel reality. No one can find peace through revenge. An essay starts with the Heathcliff plan that he wanted to take revenge from Edgar through Isabella. The death of Catherine proves that the plan helps him nothing. Catherine ghost were used to wandering around the earth. For 20 years, vi baffleing Heathcliff and tortured him. Let me alone, let me alone. Sobbed Catherine, if I have done wrong, Im dying for it. It is enough You unexpended me too but I wont be upbraid you I forgive you. Forgive me (Bronte, E.1988,ch13144) .In my perspicacity the problem maker is Catherine in the story because she does not love Edgar. She chooses social status, fame and popularity instead of Heathcliffs true love. Catherine nature resembles with the poetry of Oliver Goldsmith When lovely woman stoops to indulging and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her unrighteousness away? The only art her guilt to cover, to hide her shame from every eye, to give repentance to her lover, and wring his bosom, is to die. (Goldsmith,O, When lovely woman stoops to folly1-8) Hindleys revenge destroys his own life. He got bankrupt and his beloved married woman died and eventuality he died. Emily story compels her readers to think what Heathcliff achieved at the end? Is he got Catherine? Revenge worked nothing for him. Emily did great work by showing reven ge as negative stigma.Anton has written a thesis on the characterization of Wuthering Heights in (2011). Emily depicts the social code, conventions and challenges of Victorian society. It can also be taken as a deep criticism on Brontes time. Antons approach is quite new because he has taken out several important points. Thrushcross Grange symbolises as Edgar personality like decent and full of manners. While Wuthering Heights symbolises as Heathcliff personality like wild and un pluggerly. Both houses inhabit dogs. The dogs of Wuthering Heights are wild, chaotic and popular of natural environment. Grange owns pet dogs. Hindleys personality shows a real man of Victorian era. He is charming, sensitive and emotional but when his father did discrimination between him and Heathcliff, his nature becomes alter. Catherine also affected by the situation and lifted closer to Heathcliff. The whole novel is full of paradoxical and ironical situations. For example, Catherine chooses Edgar inst ead of Heathcliff however she does not love Edgar. Catherine heretofore loves Heathcliff but tries to bring Isabella and Heathcliff nearer. My forgetful little sister-in-law is breaking her take int by mere contemplation of your physical and moral beauty. It lies in your own power to be Edgars brother No, no, Isabella, you shant run off, she continued, arresting, with feigned playfulness, the confounded girl, who had risen indignantly. We were quarrelling like cats about you, Heathcliff (Bronte,E.1988,ch10108) Isabella, who is educated and mannered girl and lives with Catherine in one house still un aware with the affair of Catherine and Heathcliff how strange? The whole structure of the novel compels readers to think beyond the imaginations.According to Eric Solomon Wuthering Heights has an incest theme. He has written a thesis in (1959) in which, he has raised many issues to justify his opinion. He quoted Richard Chase statement. He considers that Is impossible to imagine such a stormy, undisciplined pair as Cathy and Heathcliff ever setting down to a normal life of domesticity. (Chase,R. quoted in Solomon,E.195980) Because of Heathcliffs black skin ton, it is not clear whether he was a gypsy or prince or devil? According to Nelly Deans narration old Earnshaw brought orphan Heathcliff to his own home. Mrs.Earnshaw did not like her hubbys step. She was thinking that her husband is mad or he may be having an illegitimate child. Because it was an old tradition in 18th century the provincial slum, the waif must have had some protector then why this child was wandering alone? Erics philosophy seems right because as brother and sister they could not be get married. As a son of Mr.Earnshaw he had rights to own the property. In the middle of the story we see Heathcliff comes as an owner of Wuthering Heights. The characters of Heathcliff and Catherine can be taken as victims of fate and things were beyond with their control. Erics research faculty be true becaus e he closes his research on the Cathys question. She is Heathcliff, does she mean that they are one flesh as well as one spirit? (Solomon, E. 195983) Emily has left many questions on readers. Now it depends on us, from which angle of Wuthering Heights do we see?Arnold Shapiro has compared Wuthering Heights with Great Expectation and Jane Eyre in (1969). His research is based on the ethical and moral traditions of the Victorian period. According to him Dickens, Charlotte and Emily have shown same issues in their writing. Like their characters have to face the problems and at the end they reach into the same conclusion. Heathcliff and berth both are orphan alone and outcast as much as alien in the novels. Then he compares Mr.Earnshaw with Reeds, they bring stranger to their houses. Characters of Heathcliff and Jane also resembles both are looking different from everyone else therefore seems to bear a threat like Mrs.Earnshaw was ready to fling out Heathcliff and Reeds forced Jane to live with considerations. Joe and Mr.Earnshaw both helped Pip and Heathcliff in many ways and it is very interesting to know that both Estella and Catherine betrayed to their lovers. In the Victorian period people were very dandy christens. In novel Wuthering Heights, Lintons brought up shows that he is good in religion but when Isabella spoiled by Heathcliff and looking towards his brother, Edgar shows no humanity and ill behavior. I assay no revenge on you, replied Heathcliff, less vehemently. Thats not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they dont turn against him they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style. (Bronte,E.1988,ch11114) Both Cathy and Catherine are having different natures. Catherines nature is greedy therefore she made her house on the grave of her lover while on the other hand young Cathys nature is sympathetic. As in the same way, the desires of He athcliff are endless because he has sadistic nature.According to James Hafley villain and problem maker in Wuthering Heights is Ellen Dean. He has read Wuthering Heights in the light of new experience. Charlotte Bronte said about Nelly For a specimen of true benevolence and homely fidelity, look at the character of Nelly Dean. (Bronte,C. quoted in Hafley,J.1958199) In my opinion, Nellys role in Wuthering Heights is very prominent. She is a nurse and narrator of the story and to write thesis on Nelly is something exceptional. The critic of this paper adds textual evidence in order to make strong his points. Nelly had an objection that why Mr.Earnshaw brought Heathcliff in home? Throughout her life she never liked Heathcliff. Joseph always notices Nellys facial expression becomes change when she is narrating about Heathcliff. She used to get to problems between characters. After Catherines marriage Nelly moved with her to Thrushcross Grange. She became greedy and acted as a queen ove r there. A person who has not done one fractional his days work by ten oclock runs a chance of leaving the other half undone. (Bronte, E.1988,ch769)She never tried to solve the problems of Grange house. I rang the bell and committed it to a servant care. (Bronte, E.1988,ch17164) She knows Heathcliff came back and now he is trying to meet with Catherine but she remained as silent and sees how Heathcliff compelled Isabella to marry him. She is also answerable when Cathy got hostile by Heathclif. I really appreciate James effort but we should remember the fact that Nelly Dean is just a poor servant of house. She has fulfilled all the duties commendably.Distortion and exaggeration are equally important topic in Wuthering Heights which lifts Heathcliff to take revenge. Heathcliff cries many times for Catherine. I cannot live without my life I cannot live without my soul (Bronte,E.1988,ch17161) Catherine also feels same for him once she spoke to Nelly that Whatever our souls are made of , his and mine are the same. (Bronte,E.1988,ch1186) It shows both of them truly love each other. After Catherines death her she used to haunt Heathcliff as a ghost. Despite of their physical separation, Edgar could not part them spiritually. Heathcliff shows his vindictive nature and becomes evil more than Satan. After Catherine he decides to take revenge from every one. Only Catherine could have saved because of her death. Heathcliff has tried his best to destroy Isabella, Linton, Cathy, Hareton lives. Emily over exaggerated the fear of death. For example in the beginning it was shocking to read Lockwood injured by the wild dogs. At that time people were not habitual for this kind of tension. Because of this Wuthering Heights had faced criticism but ultimately novel has changed peoples mind. Now Wuthering Heights considers as classics of Victorian period.Critics appreciated the frame narration of Wuthering Heights a lot. Many researches and essays have been written on Nelly Dean. I n another paper critic has expresses his thoughts. Nelly is having a very strong character in novel. She had philosopher guinea pig mind Nelly says Proud people breed sad sorrows for themselves. (Bronte,E.1988,ch764) She is not only nurse and servant but in addition she is a become for Catherine and Hindley. She has lived all her life between moors and justified his role whether live in Grange or Wuthering Heights. Whenever Cathy needed help she always did whatever she could. She is a person of intelligence and. dignity. Once she said A good heart will help you to a bonny face, my lad, if you were a regular black and a bad one will turn the bonniest into something worse than ugly. (Bronte,E.1988,ch765) Witness of almost every incident but never cheated any one. She used to guide everyone.Bitirme Tezis writes thesis in (2009). He emphasizes on the love and isolation of Wuthering Heights. He further elaborates his research and says it can be a cause of destructive relationships in the novel. Our mind starts catch his point of views when we closely read the novel. Isolation of Wuthering Heights recognises as have the connection of moors and hills and strong natural environment, on the other hand isolation of Thrushcross Grange is machine-accessible with the idea of lively atmosphere. Gimmerton society was the high class society in those days. Wuthering Heights had no communication with Gimmerton and they were isolated from society while the Thruchcross Grange had strongly relations with Gimmerton people. That is the reason people of Thrushcross were more educated, mannered and very much affected with the norms of 18th century. Therefore lack of association with high class strongly affected the people of Wuthering Heights. Catherine, who is poor, meets with rich Edgar, she impresses by his wealth and finally they get married. It seems very normal but on the wider imagination it has created differences between many people and became a cause of revenge.Wutherin g Heights was very famous in Victorian period. Some readers like the novel and some not. Many critics have long list for the reasons of disliking. Infanticide and Sadism is one of the reasons. Wade Thompson has criticised the novel. I respect his views and agree with what he said about infanticide. Catherine Earnshaw is not quite eight when her mother dies Cathy Lintons birth coincides with her mothers death Haretons mother dies in the year of his birth and Heathcliff is an orphan by the time he is seven. Even the children who let motherly care throughout their childhood do not receive it long after they reach puberty. Linton Heathcliff loses his mother when he is not quite thirteen-Linton, of course, is a child all his life-and Isabella Linton is orphaned when she is fourteen. The only exceptions-and these unimportant-are Hindley Earnshaw and Edgar Linton, who are sixteen and eighteen respectively when their mothers die and even their mothers are apparently not very motherly.(Thomp son,W.196369) but I m not agree when he said about sadism, in my opinion Heathcliff never wanted to have an adult relation with Catherine but for his desire of revenge, he forced Linton to have relation with Catherine. Only Heathcliff and Catherine are not responsible for Linton and Catherine, Isabella and Edgar are equally responsible for the destruction.Wuthering Heights shows destructive relationships between the characters. In another essay critic has pointed out the characteristics of destructive relationship. He discusses topics like un-caring parents, jealousy and desire of revenge. His research seems right because Mr.Earnshaw was unsuccessful to maintain a balance between Hindley and Heathcliff. Another example is Hareton and Hindley. Hindley never became a good father, he had spoiled his life in drugs and because of him Hareton departed as uneducated person. The primary example of destructive relationship is Heathcliff and Linton. Once Linton says himMy father threatened me , and I dread him I dread (Bronte,E.1988,ch27244) Isabella, Heathcliff and Catherine, Edgar both couples are the example of destructive relationship. In my opinion our brought up make our life good or bad, if we have proper family atmosphere we wont be get jealous which creates ultimately a desire of revenge.The influence of childhood pervades throughout the novel. In another essay, critic has compared two generations childhood behaviour. Heathcliff, Catherine and Hindley have shared childhood together. According to Steve Davies The childhood of both protagonists Heathcliff and Catherine, haunts them in their adult lives thus affecting their interactions with and their behavior towards other people in a negative way.(customwritings.com)(b) They used to dinning and sleeping together. But because of many quarrels and jealousy their relation became dejected and vengeful. At one time Heathcliff said Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I dont care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do (Bronte,E.1988,ch769) In my point of view Emily has fully justified with the plot. One way she has shown negative impacts of these people at the end of the story then on the same way, she has opened a door of new life by showing Catherine and Hareton marriage. They are the hope of new generation. They have overcome their bitter memories.In another essay critic expresses his views and says Wuthering Heights is a silly love story. He has given this title on the basis of two books one is written by Robert McKibben, and second is Control of Sympathy in Wuthering Heights written by John Hagan. I totally agree with his perception that only Catherine and Heathcliff should not be blame for the disasters in the story. They were passionately in love. But we all know in every love story there is always a third person who creates problems between lovers life. Edgar has played third persons role in the story. After the death of Catherine, H eathcliff used to cry and scold most of the time. Come in come in he sobbed. Cathy, do come. Oh, do -once more Oh My hearts darling, hear me this time Catherine, at last(Bronte,E.1988,ch341) Wuthering Heights gives us lesson that revenge is dangerous and pestilential for our life.To conclusion, Emily Bronte has created a new world in one novel Wuthering Heights. She has shown influence of childhood, social problems, destructive relationships, violence, isolation and many others. The root cause of all these problems is Revenge. My research focuses on finding the reasons behind any act of revenge because I truly believe that God has not created men with the negative nature it is the circumstances that creates human being nature as vindictive. Since those researches which I have discussed in literature review are not adequate, therefore I have done this research. My research is not the last research on this topic I hope it will link towards new beginning.RESEARCH QUESTION How does re venge rotate around the characters of Wuthering Heights?SIGNIFICANCEWhenever we read word revenge something negative comes in our mind and we usually fixed our mind on it. There is always a reason behind any negative behavior and that is why I have chosen this topic. My target is to find out the reasons that make the human being hard hearted and contemptuous. The Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is the perfect example of Revenge. We see revenge starts from the beginning of the novel and stays throughout the story. My research will compel people to change their minds and they will get to know how harmful and dangerous revenge is. If Earnshaw maintained the equality between Heathcliff and Hindley, revenge would not be raised. My research has ended on an optimistic message and people will surely take a lesson from it.ANALYSISChapter 1The Issue of Class SystemThe social and class structure of 18th century were the same as it is today. Classes were confined into Lower, Bourgeois and Ari stocrat. People from lower class were feeling reluctant because they did not get respect from the society. Bourgeois people used to degrade these people and that was the reason, both sides of people were feeling jealous for each other.Emily has created a new world by writing Wuthering Heights. She shows the actual game of our society in which everybody is foot race after lust. Acquiring of everything is not a new habit of human being. When we see Wuthering Heights under the roof of class structure, the cruel reality of human being comes in front of us. We see a selfish world, in which clever, arrogant, self centered and selfish people lives they think only for themselves. Everyone seems greedy for money.Lets take firstly the house of Wuthering Heights. People who lives in the house, belongs to middle class. The live of these people grows very well but one day Mr. Earnshaw brings a boy in his home by the name of Heathcliff. He does not get a warm welcome by the family members. Mrs E arnshaw was ready to fling out of doors she did fly u, petition how she could fashion to bring that gypsy brat into the house. (Bronte,E.1988,ch448) Even after so many years he fails to make strong relations with them. According to them, a black hair boy with dirty clothes comes and disturbs the smooth life of Wuthering Heights. Once Catherine says, Poor Healthcliff Hindley calls him a vagabond and wont let him sit with us, nor eat with us anymore and he says, he and I must not play together and threaten to runs him out of the house if we break his order. (Bronte, E.1988,ch336) A very first question arises here why family members did not accept Heathcliff in the house? An answer of this question is, he belongs to lower class or he has a black colour. Because of this weakness he did not get a chance to learn education, he lost his lover Catherine and the whole life of Heathcliff turned as disaster.Time passes, Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw dies. Catherine and Heathcliff come nearer on the o ther hand Hindley appears as an enemy of Heathcliff. Catherine loves Heathcliff but she decides to marry with Edgar. Heathcliff is a poor man with no money no assets no land. On the other hand Edgar is a rich boy with everything which any girl wants after marriage. Catherine expresses her feelings with Nelly as He will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband (Bronte,E.1988,ch883) If Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? Whereas, if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brothers power (Bronte,E.1988,ch887) Catherine shows her greedy nature, she thinks she will live lavishly with Edgar. Heathcliff wont give her high standard living which she used to live in Wuthering Heights.Nelly was also in favour of Edgar. She thinks Heathcliff is a Worthless friend (Bronte, E.1988,ch11113) of Catherine. According to Derek Traversi Reflection, aided by Nelly, presents Heathcliff a s what he undeniably is a brutal creature whom she could certainly abandon with social advantage to marry the young, rich and attractive Edgar Linton. Nelly guided by her inherent good nature and by long if not particularly imaginative experience of life, maintains that Edgar is a good match, that he is socially speaking acceptable and likely to bring her to normal domestic happiness, where as he

Odysseus as a Leader Essay -- essays research papers

The owner of a show horse has many tasks to keep her horse fit and beautiful. She essential spend time cleaning, stroking, and combing his hair to keep its gleaming shine. She must make good choices time after time for her horse, allowing him to be in his outdo condition. She must also train with him day after day and spend hours after hours with her baby, giving him her unconditional love. Like the dedicated owner to her horse, Odysseus shows wonderful leaders skills towards his men with his wily intelligence, warm compassion, and vast bravery.One of Odysseus best traits as a leader was his brilliant mind. Without his continuous wits, Odysseus would have never gotten his crew as far as he did. A great example of this creativity is when Odysseus and his men were trapped in the Cyclops (Polyphemus) cave. It was Odysseus who came up with blinding the drunken ogre with a sharpened log and it was he who delusioned the great Cyclops with his Nohbdy scheme My name is Nohbdy mother, fa ther, and friends/everyone calls me Nohbdy (827-828), sang Odysseus to the intoxicated Cyclops. The dazzling intelligence of Odysseus also helped him and his men chip from the evil Polyphemus to safer grounds. He said, I drew on all my wits, and ran through tactics,reasoning as a man will for dear life,until a trick came and it pleased me well.The Cyclops rams were handsome, fat, with heavyfleeces, a dark violet (887-891).With this, Odysseus tied three rams together and slung a ma...

Human Cloning is not a Moral Issue Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

Human Cloning is not a Moral Issue There has been an onslaught of protests and people lobbying for a evict on human cloning ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned by Dr. Wilmut and his colleagues. Not only has the media exploited the ethics of the issue and scared the public with images of Frankenstein and evil scientists, only if many worldwide authorities such as President Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac of France, and Prime Minister John Major of Great Britain have all mouth out publicly against human cloning and have proposed legislation and committees to regulate and/or ban it. Religious leaders and the Pope have also talked somewhat human clonings dangers of Playing God and the loss of uniqueness that an individual would suffer if he or she were to be cloned. Many of these fears are misguided, misrepresented, and illogical. The benefits of human cloning would far-off outweigh the drawbacks, and cloning research should not lose funding or be banned. The most popular objection to human cloning is the assumption that lore would be playing God if it was to create human clones. Reverend Albert Moraczewski states that cloning is intrinsically morally wrong, is an attempt to play God, and exceeds the limits of the delegated dominion given to the human race. (Madigan, 8) To scan that this argument is unclear and unsupported is generous. It refuses to differentiate between cloning and the interruptions of biological processes which are viewed as commonplace in todays society. Religious objections were once raised at the prospects of autopsies , anesthesia, artificial insemination, organ transplants, and other acts which were seen to be tampering with divine will. (Madigan, 3) Yet enormous benefits have been reaped by each of these... ...crime or illegal activity has a victim involved with it. Human cloning has no victim or loser in it. It is a chance for the advancement of science and humankind. Banning it or eliminating research funds would be a tremendous m istake when we havent even perfected it or discovered all of the possible benefits. Works Cited Hopkins, Patrick D. Bad Copies How best-selling(predicate) Media Represent Cloning as an Ethical Problem. Hastings Center Report April 1998 1. SIRS Researcher. West High Library, Iowa City. 25 Jan. 2000 Madigan, Timothy J. Cloning Humans. Free Inquiry pass 1997 1. SIRS Researcher. West High Library, Iowa City. 20 Jan. 2000 The benefits of Human Cloning. Human Cloning Foundation. 25 Jan. 2000 Vere, Stephen. The Case for Cloning Humans. Taking Sides Science, Technology, and Society. T. Easton (ed.) McGraw-Hill Publishing, 2000. 1-12.

Book Review: The New Terrorism by Walter Laqueur Essay -- essays rese

THE NEW TERRORISM BY WALTER LAQUEURWalter Laqueurs book, The New Terrorism Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction, is empowering readers with the entire spectrum of terrorism. The reasons behind terrorism be not easy to understand, but Laqueur goes into great detail to try and bring the reader to an understanding of what the terrorist is thinking in order to justify the means to the end. Laqueur sheds insight into a sore arena for terrorism Arms of Mass Destruction. The chemical and biological weapons of yesterday are available and relatively cheap on instantlys open market. Mr. Laqueur goes into depth on previous usages by terrorist organizations using these types of weapons as well as the possibility of further use. One frightening institutionalise that Laqueur makes is that the use of nuclear devices could very well have a possible future in terrorism.With nuclear devices as a possible method for inflicting terrorism, at that place will be no safe place for any citizen of any nation. The United States has recently been the object of terrorist harassment and more than likely the will persist to be a target of the new form of terrorism greatly threatening American security. The authors main thesis focuses around this new type of nuclear terrorism, and he gives many different types of examples of groups that have already used biological and chemical methods to achieve favorable resul...

Essay on Appearance vs Reality in Everyday Use and The Gilded Six-Bits

Appearance versus Reality in Alice carriages and Zora Neale Hurstons Everyday Use and The marvelous Six-Bits In The Gilded Six-Bits it appears that Otis D. Slemmons, the towns newest arrival, is rich, but by closer inspection by Joe Banks and Missie May, is tack together to be poor. In Everyday Use, Maggie doesnt appear to be smart generous to honor and appreciate her heritage, but she and not Dee/Wangero is really preserving the family traditions as well as heritage. Both The Gilded Six-Bits by Zora Neale Hurston and Everyday Use by Alice Walker have the theme of appearance and frankness. Hurston and Walker use the theme of appearance versus reality to convey the message that things arent always as simple as the outbound appearances suggest. The theme of appearance and reality is seen in The Gilded Six-Bits upon our source meeting Joe Banks and Missie May. thus far out first glimpse into their lives, we dont know they are married. It seems they are exclusively dating. Lil lie P. Howard, author of the book Zora Neale Hurston, states, The Gilded Six-Bits is the story of a beautiful marriage provoke by difficulties, of trials and successes, of appearances and reality (151). Joe admired Slemmons. He says, Yeah, hes up to date. He got de finest frock Ah ever seen on a colored mans back (2089). Joe also admired Slemmons coins Hes got a five-dollar gold piece for a stick pin and he got a ten-dollar gold piece on his watch chain and his mouf is jes crammed full of gold teethes. Sho wisht it wuz mine (2089-90). Slemmons gave the impression to Joe and the rest of the town that he had lots of money and pricy jewelry. Joe wants the possessions that Slemmons has, and Missie wants him to have them too. ... ...ity, v. XXI, no. 3, Summer, 1985. Short chronicle Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler, v. 5. Detroit, MI Gale Research Co., 1990. Baym, Nina, ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Shorter fifth edition.New York Norton, 1999. Hurston, Zora Neale. Th e Gilded Six-Bits Baym 2087-2095. Walker, Alice. Everyday Use Baym 2522-2528. Bone, Robert. Three Versions of rude in his Down House Origins of the Afro-American Short Story, Columbia University Press, 1988. Short Story Criticism. Fowler, Carolyn. Solid at the Core, in Freedom Ways, v 14, no. 1, first quarter, 1974.Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler, v. 5. Detroit, MI Gale Research Co., 1990. Howard, Lillie P. Zora Neale Hurston. New York Twayne Publishers, 1980. Winchell, Donna Haisty. Alice Walker. New York Twayne Publishers, 1992. Essay on Appearance vs Reality in Everyday Use and The Gilded Six-BitsAppearance versus Reality in Alice Walkers and Zora Neale Hurstons Everyday Use and The Gilded Six-Bits In The Gilded Six-Bits it appears that Otis D. Slemmons, the towns newest arrival, is rich, but by closer inspection by Joe Banks and Missie May, is found to be poor. In Everyday Use, Maggie doesnt appear to be smart enough to honor and appreciate her h eritage, but she and not Dee/Wangero is really preserving the family traditions as well as heritage. Both The Gilded Six-Bits by Zora Neale Hurston and Everyday Use by Alice Walker have the theme of appearance and reality. Hurston and Walker use the theme of appearance versus reality to convey the message that things arent always as simple as the outward appearances suggest. The theme of appearance and reality is seen in The Gilded Six-Bits upon our first meeting Joe Banks and Missie May. Even out first glimpse into their lives, we dont know they are married. It seems they are only dating. Lillie P. Howard, author of the book Zora Neale Hurston, states, The Gilded Six-Bits is the story of a beautiful marriage beset by difficulties, of trials and successes, of appearances and reality (151). Joe admired Slemmons. He says, Yeah, hes up to date. He got de finest clothes Ah ever seen on a colored mans back (2089). Joe also admired Slemmons coins Hes got a five-dollar gold piece for a st ick pin and he got a ten-dollar gold piece on his watch chain and his mouf is jes crammed full of gold teethes. Sho wisht it wuz mine (2089-90). Slemmons gave the impression to Joe and the rest of the town that he had lots of money and expensive jewelry. Joe wants the possessions that Slemmons has, and Missie wants him to have them too. ... ...ity, v. XXI, no. 3, Summer, 1985. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler, v. 5. Detroit, MI Gale Research Co., 1990. Baym, Nina, ed. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Shorter fifth edition.New York Norton, 1999. Hurston, Zora Neale. The Gilded Six-Bits Baym 2087-2095. Walker, Alice. Everyday Use Baym 2522-2528. Bone, Robert. Three Versions of Pastoral in his Down House Origins of the Afro-American Short Story, Columbia University Press, 1988. Short Story Criticism. Fowler, Carolyn. Solid at the Core, in Freedom Ways, v 14, no. 1, first quarter, 1974.Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler, v. 5. Detroit, MI Gale Research Co ., 1990. Howard, Lillie P. Zora Neale Hurston. New York Twayne Publishers, 1980. Winchell, Donna Haisty. Alice Walker. New York Twayne Publishers, 1992.